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The Philadelphia Zoo is a zoo located in the Centennial District of Philadelphia on the west bank of the Schuylkill River. It was the first true zoo in the United States; it was chartered by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania on March 21, 1859, but its opening was delayed by the Civil War until July 1, 1874. The zoo opened with 1,000 animals and an admission price of 25 cents.Ashbrook Apartments newsletter, July 2009, Carrboro, North Carolina For a brief time, the zoo also housed animals brought to U.S. from safaris by the Smithsonian Institution, which had not yet built its National Zoo.
The Philadelphia Zoo is one of the premier zoos in the world for breeding animals that are difficult to captive breeding. The zoo also works with many groups around the world to protect the natural habitats of the animals in their care.
The zoo is and the home of nearly 1,300 animals, many of which are rare and endangered. Special features include a children's petting zoo, a rainforest themed carousel, chats with keepers, behind the scenes tours available for purchase, and many interactive and educational exhibits.
When the Philadelphia Zoological Garden first opened its Victorian gates on July 1, 1874, to over 3,000 visitors, it was the only institution of its kind in the New World. The zoo began with varied exhibits containing 200 , including Bubalina, deer, wolves, , , and , and 67 bird species and 15 . Reptiles and small mammals were housed in The Solitude, a mansion built by John Penn in 1785. A carriage house was located at the entrance for horses that had transported visitors to the zoo. The landscaping and architecture mimicked a Victorian garden atmosphere that is still represented in the present zoo grounds.
The 1876 Centennial Exposition was held in Fairmount Park, a few blocks from the zoo. U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant had officiated at the Exposition and visited the zoo on April 23. Zoo attendance increased to nearly 680,000 visitors in 1876, a 36 percent increase over the preceding year, and set a record that would remain unmatched until nearly 858,000 visited in 1951.
The Penrose Research Laboratory was established in 1901.
The zoo received railroad visitors at the Zoological Garden station on 34th Street and Girard Avenue from its opening in 1874 until the station was closed in 1902. Since 2013, zoo officials have been working to get the station restored and reopened, to potentially increase attendance and alleviate parking issues on their busiest days.
Philadelphia Zoo has developed a distinguished breeding program over the years and is credited with many "firsts" including: the first successful birth of an orangutan and a chimpanzee in a U.S. zoo in 1928, the first born in a zoo in 1956, the first successful birth of an echidna in North America in 1983, and the first successful birth of a giant otter in North America in 2004. The first recorded parent-reared Guam kingfisher was bred at the zoo in 1985.
Philadelphia Zoo also pioneered the first captive management of under the direction of curator emeritus John A. Griswold. Through innovative feeding techniques, the zoo was the first to gain the pink and red pigmentation of these birds. The zoo was the first to successfully breed Chilean flamingo and in captivity.
The brown tree snake was introduced to the island of Guam in the 1940s, and as a result, bird species endemic to the island were driven to extinction in the wild by the invasive serpent. In 1983, the Guam Bird Rescue Project was spearheaded by the Philadelphia Zoo in an attempt to save the Guam kingfisher and the Guam rail, two native species still present in large enough numbers to benefit from intervention. The rescue plan called for the capture of all kingfishers and rails on Guam, along with the development of a captive management program. The captive breeding was carried out in U.S. zoos in an effort to save the two species from extinction until reintroduction became feasible.
In the early morning of Christmas Eve, 1995, a fire in the World of Primates building killed 23 animals, including a family group of six western lowland gorillas, a family group of three , four Lar gibbon, and 10 lemurs (two , six ring-tailed lemurs, and two ). All were members of endangered species. The animals died in their sleep from smoke inhalation (carbon monoxide poisoning); none were burned. 10 primates housed in an adjoining building, the Discovery House, survived. At the time of the fire, detection equipment existed in only 20 percent of the zoo buildings; the primates building, which had been constructed in 1985, was not one of them. In the 10 months following the fire, the zoo installed fire detection equipment in all animal buildings.
On July 1, 1999, the zoo opened a new primate exhibit featuring of indoor and outdoor areas with 10 species of , including Sumatran orangutans, western lowland gorillas, , Colobinae, and . In 2006, the zoo opened a new big cat exhibit showcasing , , , , , and in exhibit spaces reminiscent of their natural habitats. On May 30, 2009, the zoo opened a new aviary featuring two birds that are extinct in the wild: the Guam rail and the Guam kingfisher. In July 2009, the last two elephants, both African bush, were relocated to a sanctuary.
In 2010, a special exhibit called Creatures of Habitat was unveiled featuring 10 animal stations throughout the zoo, with endangered animals represented by more than 30 life-size Lego brick statues. The statues were created by Lego-certified professional artist Sean Kenney. Zoo Unveils Exclusive Creatures Of Habitat Lego Brick Animal Exhibit
Philadelphia Zoo opened Treetop Trail in 2011, the first component of its Zoo360 animal exploration trail system. Zoo360 is a network of see-through mesh trails, consisting of elevated and ground-level structures, along which animals can explore the zoo away from their enclosures. Subsequent additions to the system include the Great Ape Trail, Big Cat Crossing, Gorilla Treeway, and Meerkat Maze. "Zoo360 Animal Exploration Trails" . philadelphiazoo.org. Philadelphia Zoo. Retrieved May 13, 2018.
On April 13, 2013, the zoo opened KidZooU on the site of the old Pachyderm House. Also known as the Hamilton Family Children's Zoo and Faris Family Education Center, it is one of the largest projects undertaken by the zoo and replaces the old Children's Zoo open for over 50 years prior. KidZooU is notable for many ecologically conscious features, such as rain gardens and cisterns, geothermal wells, and green roofs, making it the first LEED-certified exhibit at the zoo.The KidZooU is the Philadelphia Zoo's first LEED – certified exhibit. http://kidzoou.org/Earth-Friendly-KidZooU.aspx
On December 29, 2016, Zenda, the oldest African lion in the U.S. zoo population, was euthanized following a sudden loss of appetite and failing health. Zenda was 25. On February 20, 2018, Coldilocks, a 37-year-old polar bear was euthanized after declining health including potential liver and spinal problems. The average age for a polar bear in the wild is 23 years.
In 2019, the zoo opened WildWorks, a high ropes course with bridges, ropes, and obstacles. Participants wore . Two courses were available, each designed for a different age group and skill level. A smaller system for children under was also available. "WildWorks ropes course" . philadelphiazoo.org. Philadelphia Zoo. Retrieved May 17, 2019. The attraction closed in 2023.
During the Holiday Season (Late November to Early January), the Philadelphia Zoo hosts a walking nighttime light show called Luminature. Luminature includes holiday music and over 1 million lights throughout 16 illuminated zones around the Zoo. There are also numerous shopping, food and drink outlets. The experience also includes actors dressed as illuminated animals and the chance to sit in a fire pit area and make s'mores.
During 2025, sixteen critically endangered western Santa Cruz tortoises were born.
For Luminature 2025, a ferris wheel has been added to the zoo, at the site of the former balloon ride. The Philly Zoo Pherris Wheel will stay through 2026.
Special behind-the-scenes experiences are offered, "Behind the Scenes" . philadelphiazoo.org. Philadelphia Zoo. Retrieved May 13, 2018. as well as overnight stays for scout groups, families, and youth groups. "Spend the Night at the Zoo" . philadelphiazoo.org. Philadelphia Zoo. Retrieved May 13, 2018. A summer concert series "Rock 'n' Roar Children's Concerts" . philadelphiazoo.org. Philadelphia Zoo. Retrieved May 13, 2018. and other events occur annually at the zoo, such as Boo at the Zoo (Halloween), "Boo at the Zoo" . philadelphiazoo.org. Philadelphia Zoo. Retrieved May 13, 2018. the Summer Ale Festival, "Summer Ale Festival" . philadelphiazooevents.com. Philadelphia Zoo. Retrieved May 13, 2018. and the Global Conservation Gala. "2018 Global Conservation Gala" . philadelphiazoo.org. Philadelphia Zoo. Retrieved May 13, 2018.
History
The opening of the London Zoo to the public in 1847 inspired America's intellectual class to show interest in building a zoo in the U.S. Dr. William Camac of Philadelphia had traveled throughout Europe in the 1850's and visited the London Zoo. Upon returning to the U.S. he advocated to build a Zoo in Philadelphia. On March 21, 1859, the Pennsylvania legislature incorporated the Zoological Society of Philadelphia. The incorporation paper reads: "The purpose of this corporation shall be the purchase and collection of living wild and other animals, for the purpose of public exhibition at some suitable place in the City of Philadelphia, for the instruction and recreation of the people." Camac worked with other Zoological Society members to raise funds and secured 33 acres on the West Philadelphia side of the Schuylkill River previously owned by John Penn, grandson of William Penn. The opening of the Zoo was delayed by the Civil War which lasted from 1861 to 1865.
(2010). 9781171867654, Nabu Press. ISBN 9781171867654 The first of its kind in any zoo, the Penrose Research Lab contributed to a reduced rate of disease, increased vigor, and longevity among zoo animals. In 1901, the lab began performing Autopsy on every zoo animal that became ill and died. The lab's history of preventive medicine reflected the foresight of Dr. Charles B. Penrose and Dr. Cortland Y. White, professors at the Medical School of the University of Pennsylvania.
(2009). 9781408108970, A&C Black. ISBN 9781408108970
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Categories: Www.philadelphiazoo.org Official Website, 1874 Establishments In Pennsylvania, Buildings And Structures In Philadelphia, Historic American Buildings Survey In Philadelphia, Landmarks In Philadelphia, Tourist Attractions In Philadelphia, West Fairmount Park, West Philadelphia, Educational Organizations Established In 1874, Zoos Established In The 19th Century, Zoos In Pennsylvania
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